What are Developmental Disabilities?

There are approximately 4.5 million individuals with developmental disabilities in the United States. Developmental disabilities (DD) are severe, life-long disabilities attributable to mental and/or physical impairments, manifested before age 22. 

Developmental disabilities result in substantial limitations in three or more areas of major life activities:

• Capacity for independent living
• Economic self-sufficiency
• Learning
• Mobility
• Receptive and expressive language
• Self-care
• Self-direction

Examples of Developmental Disabilities:

• Mental Retardation is the most common developmental disability, affecting 2 to 3% of the population.
• Down syndrome
• Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Cerebral palsy
• Spina Bifida
• Fragile X Syndrome
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Genetic and Chromosomal Disorders

Tips on Working with People with Developmental Disabilities:

• Smile and be friendly
• Focus on abilities, not disabilities
• Treat each person with a disability as a person, first – a person with likes, dislikes, and capabilities just like everyone else
• Be positive, have a good attitude, and be patient
• Assist by explaining what to do, rather than what not to do
• Make instructions simple and clear
• Speak clearly and be specific
• Talk to and with people -- not at them
• Establish routines and prepare people in advance for unexpected changes in routine
• Be observant and aware
• Establish limitations and maintain them
• Provide opportunities for choice, decision making, and expression
• Encourage confidence and self-esteem